A recent study from Rush University, US, reveals that fluctuations in blood pressure in older adults could increase the risk of thinking and memory problems. Published in the journal Neurology, the research highlights the connection between blood pressure variability and cognitive decline, making blood pressure management an important focus for preventing conditions like Alzheimer’s disease.
The Study at a Glance
The study involved 4,770 participants with an average age of 71. Blood pressure was measured at the start of the study and every three years for an average of 10 years. Participants were divided into three groups based on how much their blood pressure fluctuated over time.
Key findings:
- Participants with the highest blood pressure variability scored lower on cognitive tests than those with the least variability.
- For Black participants, systolic blood pressure varied by an average of 18 mmHg, compared to 16 mmHg among white participants.
- The difference in scores equated to 2.8 years of cognitive ageing, showing the significant impact of blood pressure fluctuations on brain health.
Why Blood Pressure Matters for Cognitive Health
- Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is already a known risk factor for cognitive function.
- The study found that even beyond high blood pressure, fluctuations in blood pressure play a significant role in cognitive decline.
- Managing these fluctuations is now considered a modifiable risk factor for preventing memory and thinking problems.
What Older Adults Can Do
- Regular Monitoring:
Older adults should routinely monitor their blood pressure, as changes over time could signal an increased risk for cognitive decline. - Lifestyle Changes:
- Maintain a healthy diet low in salt and high in fruits and vegetables.
- Exercise regularly to stabilize blood pressure.
- Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption.
- Medical Care:
Work closely with healthcare providers to manage hypertension and minimize blood pressure variability.
Implications of the Study
The results underscore the need for early intervention and regular monitoring of blood pressure, especially in older adults. According to the study’s author, Anisa Dhana, managing blood pressure fluctuations could help prevent or delay cognitive problems.
For public health, this finding is significant as it provides a strategy to slow the progression of cognitive decline in an ageing population.
Conclusion
This study emphasizes the importance of stable blood pressure levels in older adults to reduce the risk of cognitive decline. By focusing on blood pressure management, we can take a proactive step toward protecting brain health and improving the quality of life for ageing individuals.
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