Epilepsy affects over 70 million people around the world. For some patients, medications don’t work, and brain surgery becomes the best chance at living without seizures. But even this surgery only works in about 50–60% of cases. Why? Because doctors sometimes can’t accurately locate the seizure-causing area in the brain, called the epileptogenic zone (EZ).

Now, thanks to ChatGPT and AI, that might be changing.

What’s the Problem?

Before epilepsy surgery, doctors run many tests like MRI, EEG, and intracranial EEG. They also rely on seizure semiology—descriptions of the symptoms and movements during a seizure. But there’s a challenge: different hospitals use different words to describe the same symptoms.

For example, “asymmetric tonic activity” and “asymmetric posturing” might mean the same thing but sound different. This makes it hard to compare data and find the EZ precisely.

Where ChatGPT Comes In

A team led by Professor Feng Liu from Stevens Institute of Technology tested ChatGPT, a large language model (LLM), to see if it could help doctors understand seizure descriptions better and predict where in the brain the seizures start.

They gave ChatGPT and five expert epileptologists the same 100 seizure cases. The goal: predict the EZ based on the written descriptions. The results were exciting—ChatGPT matched or even outperformed the doctors in common areas like the frontal and temporal lobes. Doctors still had an edge in rare zones like the insula or cingulate cortex.

To take this even further, the team built a new AI tool called EpiSemoLLM, specifically trained to understand seizure language and localize EZs better.

A Powerful Tool, Not a Replacement

This doesn’t mean AI will replace doctors. Instead, it shows that AI + doctors = better results. With tools like ChatGPT and EpiSemoLLM, doctors can make faster, more informed decisions, especially during presurgical planning.

At The Doctorpreneur Academy, we empower doctors to embrace digital tools like AI in neurology, making healthcare smarter and more precise. As AI continues to evolve, we help you stay ahead with expert knowledge, tech updates, and real-world training.

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